A History Of Doping In Sports
Sports foster competition. Participants try to do everything that they can to win games. The rules were loose in the beginning but they gradually became more defined as issues came to fore. Take the case of performance enhancement. This has become a controversial subject in recent times because of the doubts it cast on the results of matches. The public has become cynical about athletic feats because of swirling accusations of cheating to achieve them. It is an ethical issue that is putting pressure on governing bodies to act swiftly and do more for their sports. For context, let us take a look at the history of doping:
Ancient Times
It may seem like a recent phenomenon but the reality is that doping has been here for a long time. It is almost as old as the idea of sport itself. In ancient civilizations, competitors would comprise of the fittest individuals from a certain region. People already knew the correlation of nutrition to performance so they were fed well to help them do great. Treatments were also given to increase muscle mass. There were different approaches depending on the culture. In Rome, they drank herbal infusions for added strength. In Scandinavia, they may have used a mushroom extract to boost power.
Endurance Walking
Different concoctions were used throughout the ages. More types of sport were developed, each having their own unique set of physical demands on the athletes. The performance enhancers were made to fit the nature of the competition. For example, endurance walking became a hugely popular sport in Britain in the early 1800s. Participants had to race for up to 500 miles which meant that they had to go for several days at a time. Although it would be possible to stop and rest, those who could go on for longer have a higher chance of covering the distance faster. A competitor admitted to using laudanum to prevent sleepiness.
Ancient Times
It may seem like a recent phenomenon but the reality is that doping has been here for a long time. It is almost as old as the idea of sport itself. In ancient civilizations, competitors would comprise of the fittest individuals from a certain region. People already knew the correlation of nutrition to performance so they were fed well to help them do great. Treatments were also given to increase muscle mass. There were different approaches depending on the culture. In Rome, they drank herbal infusions for added strength. In Scandinavia, they may have used a mushroom extract to boost power.
Endurance Walking
Different concoctions were used throughout the ages. More types of sport were developed, each having their own unique set of physical demands on the athletes. The performance enhancers were made to fit the nature of the competition. For example, endurance walking became a hugely popular sport in Britain in the early 1800s. Participants had to race for up to 500 miles which meant that they had to go for several days at a time. Although it would be possible to stop and rest, those who could go on for longer have a higher chance of covering the distance faster. A competitor admitted to using laudanum to prevent sleepiness.
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Multi-Day Cycling
Since endurance walking proved to be extremely popular, organizers thought about using the same format in other sports to test the limits of human performance. Cycling proved to be a good fit. Multi-day bike races became all the rage in Europe and in America. The crowds came out to cheer their favorites as they passed along the route. There was an added element of danger since exhaustion could potentially lead riders to fall off from their bikes. This only made the event more exciting to watch. Each athlete had a team taking care of him, sometimes by giving nitroglycerine which is a stimulant that can also enhance breathing.
Anabolic Steroid
The Cold War was not just about nuclear posturing. The US and USSR were also trying to outdo each other in the world of sport to prove their superiority. When it was discovered that the Russians were using testosterone to improve their athlete's performance, the US was quick to retaliate by developing its own formulation. Dr. Ziegler of the US weightlifting team led the project in collaboration with the CIBA pharmaceutical company. They created the first of what would be called anabolic steroids that could speed up the growth of muscle, thus helping users to increase their strength.
Since endurance walking proved to be extremely popular, organizers thought about using the same format in other sports to test the limits of human performance. Cycling proved to be a good fit. Multi-day bike races became all the rage in Europe and in America. The crowds came out to cheer their favorites as they passed along the route. There was an added element of danger since exhaustion could potentially lead riders to fall off from their bikes. This only made the event more exciting to watch. Each athlete had a team taking care of him, sometimes by giving nitroglycerine which is a stimulant that can also enhance breathing.
Anabolic Steroid
The Cold War was not just about nuclear posturing. The US and USSR were also trying to outdo each other in the world of sport to prove their superiority. When it was discovered that the Russians were using testosterone to improve their athlete's performance, the US was quick to retaliate by developing its own formulation. Dr. Ziegler of the US weightlifting team led the project in collaboration with the CIBA pharmaceutical company. They created the first of what would be called anabolic steroids that could speed up the growth of muscle, thus helping users to increase their strength.